撰写自定义图例
Composing custom legends piece-by-piece.
注意:
For more information on creating and customizing legends, see the following pages:
有时您不希望与已绘制的数据明确关联的图例。例如,假设您已绘制了10行,但不希望每个行都显示图例项。如果您只是绘制线条并调用ax.legend(),您将获得以下内容:
# sphinx_gallery_thumbnail_number = 2
from matplotlib import rcParams, cycler
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
# Fixing random state for reproducibility
np.random.seed(19680801)
N = 10
data = [np.logspace(0, 1, 100) + np.random.randn(100) + ii for ii in range(N)]
data = np.array(data).T
cmap = plt.cm.coolwarm
rcParams['axes.prop_cycle'] = cycler(color=cmap(np.linspace(0, 1, N)))
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
lines = ax.plot(data)
ax.legend(lines)
请注意,每行创建一个图例项。在这种情况下,我们可以使用未明确绑定到绘制数据的Matplotlib对象组成图例。例如:
from matplotlib.lines import Line2D
custom_lines = [Line2D([0], [0], color=cmap(0.), lw=4),
Line2D([0], [0], color=cmap(.5), lw=4),
Line2D([0], [0], color=cmap(1.), lw=4)]
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
lines = ax.plot(data)
ax.legend(custom_lines, ['Cold', 'Medium', 'Hot'])
还有许多其他Matplotlib对象可以这种方式使用。 在下面的代码中,我们列出了一些常见的代码。
from matplotlib.patches import Patch
from matplotlib.lines import Line2D
legend_elements = [Line2D([0], [0], color='b', lw=4, label='Line'),
Line2D([0], [0], marker='o', color='w', label='Scatter',
markerfacecolor='g', markersize=15),
Patch(facecolor='orange', edgecolor='r',
label='Color Patch')]
# Create the figure
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.legend(handles=legend_elements, loc='center')
plt.show()