日期刻度标签
演示如何使用日期刻度定位器和格式化程序在matplotlib中创建日期图。有关控制主要和次要刻度的更多信息，请参阅major_minor_demo1.py
所有matplotlib日期绘图都是通过将日期实例转换为自 0001-01-01 00:00:00 UTC 加上一天后的天数（由于历史原因）来完成的。 转换，刻度定位和格式化是在幕后完成的，因此这对您来说是最透明的。 日期模块提供了几个转换器函数 matplotlib.dates.date2num 和matplotlib.dates.num2date。这些可以在datetime.datetime 对象和 numpy.datetime64 对象之间进行转换。
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.dates as mdates
import matplotlib.cbook as cbook
years = mdates.YearLocator() # every year
months = mdates.MonthLocator() # every month
yearsFmt = mdates.DateFormatter('%Y')
# Load a numpy record array from yahoo csv data with fields date, open, close,
# volume, adj_close from the mpl-data/example directory. The record array
# stores the date as an np.datetime64 with a day unit ('D') in the date column.
with cbook.get_sample_data('goog.npz') as datafile:
r = np.load(datafile)['price_data'].view(np.recarray)
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.plot(r.date, r.adj_close)
# format the ticks
ax.xaxis.set_major_locator(years)
ax.xaxis.set_major_formatter(yearsFmt)
ax.xaxis.set_minor_locator(months)
# round to nearest years...
datemin = np.datetime64(r.date[0], 'Y')
datemax = np.datetime64(r.date[-1], 'Y') + np.timedelta64(1, 'Y')
ax.set_xlim(datemin, datemax)
# format the coords message box
def price(x):
return '$%1.2f' % x
ax.format_xdata = mdates.DateFormatter('%Y-%m-%d')
ax.format_ydata = price
ax.grid(True)
# rotates and right aligns the x labels, and moves the bottom of the
# axes up to make room for them
fig.autofmt_xdate()
plt.show()